Clinometer.



PATENTED OCT. 17, 1905. W. R. BAWDEN.

CLINOMBTBR.

APPLIUATION FILED M045. 190s.

NJA@

mk? ams fm UNITED STATES PATENT QTTIQE.

CLINOIVIETER.

No. eoaori.

Specification of Letters Patent. l

Patented Oct. 17, 1905.

Application led December 15,1903. Serial No. 185,232..

lo all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM REYNOLDS BAW- DEN, a citizen of the Commonwealth of Australia, residing at Kalgoorlie, in the State of Western Australia, Australia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Clinometers, of which the following is a specilication:

The object of my improved clinometer is to provide an instrument which will easily and accurately record the position and angle of bore-holes whether vertical 0r horizontal and at any point of locality in their line of travel.

As is well known in mining operations, the diamond drill has a tendency to deviate from its desired or assumed line of travel by reason of pursuing the line of least resistance or other causes and which errors and consequent loss are the greater in hard and refractory country.

This clinometer has been principally designed to record such errors, so that the travel of a diamond drill and consequent position of the bore may from time to time be checked and charted in order to ascertain the position of the lode or other desired object as quickly and as cheaply as possible.

In this instrument the clinometer-case and the compassbox are provided with transparent plates or windows which are placed in a parallel position to the planes of action of their respective operative parts, so making provision for observations to be taken at right angles to the point that is desired to be read, and thus eifectively overcoming any errors that would be produced by refraction arising by the instrument being inclosed within glass tubes or curved surfaces.

A further advantage consists that when the clinometer is used for surveying avertical or inclined bore-hole and upon the gelatin becoming [irml y set the instrument may be placed in a horizontal position, thus giving a clear view of the magnetic needle, and, again, if found necessary, the compass-box may be removed from its gimbal and placed on the reading-protractor, with the object of bringing the needle as nearly as possible to the sightingline.

The construction and arrangement of the clinometer'will now be explained by the aid of the attached drawings and which illustrate same.

In the drawings, Figure l is a sectional elevation of the instrument in its horizontal position and as placed within its outer protectortube. Eig. 2 is a plan view of the actual instrument and casing and as removed out of and from its bearings. Fig. 3 is a similar view to Fig. 2, but showing the instrument as in the vertical position. Figs. I and 5 and 6 are transverse sectional views, respectively, on lines l 2 and 3 4 and 5 6 of Fig. 1.

The carrying-frame or cradle, as a, is made lopen-spaced, as shown, and is secured by the set-pins a' to the caps or ends a2, which latter are formed with the solid portions e3 in order to act as counterbalances to the instrument and cause it to assume and maintain a true horizontal position. These ends a2 are formed with the trunnions which pivot and carry the cradle and its contained instrument as a whole, and on one of these ends co2 is provided a recess a; for a purpose hereinafter described. In this cradle is placed the central divisional wall c5 and which is also formed with a solid portion, as a, in order to act as a further counterbalance.

The magnetic needle I) and its pivot b are inclosed in its box b2, the outside surface of which is part of a sphere. This box is arranged with its gimbal or universal movement and trunnioned at b3 to the side of the cradle a. This box is solid-bottomed, and as the axis of its trunnions is always horizontal such bottom will maintain the pivot of the magnetic needle in the true vertical position. The top of this Abox is adapted to be hermetically sealed, for which purpose it is provided with the screw-cap b4 and with the plate b5, of mica, glass, or of other approved transparent substance. The box is iilled with its gelati;y Jy

means of the small opening Z2 and which is` made secure by the flush-headed screw-cap 57. When in use, this box b2 is Filled with gelatin, and upon the cooling of same it will concurrently act and fix the needle b in the position it occupies at such moment of time. In order that the trunnions b3 of the compass-box may be held in position, they are provided with metal plates, as c, formed with bayonetcatches c', and these plates are secured by setpins c2 to the cradle and as shown particularly in Eig. 3 of the drawings.

For the purpose of reading the vertical and horizontal dips or inclines of the bore-hole the instrument is provided with two pendulums and which are hereinafter referred to as the IOO l as to avoid all errors arising from refraction.

vertical pendulum Z and the horizontal pendulum d. These pendulums are respectively pivoted, as at Z2 and (Z3, on opposite sides of a central and protractor plate di, which is interposed and held in suitable position in the pendulum-case. This plate (Z4 is engraved or marked with the graduated arcs for use in conjunction with their own pendulum, that as Z5 for the horizontal pendulum being marked, preferably, for registering up to eighty degrees from the horizontal and that as OZ for the vertical pendulum preferably for registering not greater than twenty degrees from the vertical. The pendulum-case, as e, is removable and is held in position by the short clips e and the long clip e2, which are attached to the pendulum-case and which engage the opposite edges of the cradle, as shown in Fig. 3. In this pendulum-case are interposed the windows e3, of glass or other transparent substance, and which windows are placed parallel to the protractor-plate di, so

The pendulum-case e is provided at one end with a neck'ex, having an opening ey communicating' with the interior of the case, through which the medium for setting the pendulums may be poured. rIhis neck is covered by a cap e", which is adapted to fit into the recess herein before described.

The casings of the compass-box and pendulums are contained in an outer primary tube, as f, into the ends of which are interscrewed the caps or plugs,asf. These caps are formed with bearings for holding the trunnions L4 of the instrument, as above mentioned. These caps are provided with the rubber buffers g, which act as antivibration agents in connection with the companion instruments which may bein use at the same time. These caps f are further provided with the vulcanite or leather rings g in order to maintain the instrument in a central position Within its outer protector-tube, as g2, and which latter tube may be of any length and is common to and may contain any number of instruments.

The method Jfor the use of the instrument is as follows: The pendulum-case .e and compass-box b2 are both lilled with warm gelatin or other similar transparent liquid and which acts as the medium for setting the pendulums d and d and the magnetic needle 'Ihe instrument is tlien'placed within its primary case f, and for the better maintenance of the gelatin in a liquid form, if found likely to congeal owing to its small bulk, hot water or hot gelatin may be poured into the space inclosed -by the primary case f, causing the instruvments to be held in a warm bath, and such water or gelatin would be removed prior to the reading of the result. The outer protectortube g2, containing the instruments, is lowered or placed in that locality of the bore-hole which is to be charted. The instrument there remains until such time as the recording gelal tin has set hard, and thereby setting the needle I) and the pendulums d and d in the positions which they occupy at such moment of congealment. In the use of the instrument due care should be taken so that the gelatin or other medium, owing to variationsof temperature in the bore-hole, does not respectively congeal or liquefy prior to or subsequent to the time of the taking of the record. When the instrument is withdrawn from the bore-hole, the readings of the'pendulums and compass may be made with greater or more precise accuracy by removing and placing each separately on a reading-protractor made specially for such purpose.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. In a clinometer, a protractor-plate provided with a plurality of arcs thereon, a plurality of pendulu ms pivoted to the plate, a casing adapted to contain the plate, means for removable attachment of the plate to the casing, and means tol permit a view of the plate within the casing.

2. In aclinometer, acradle, acasing adapted to receive the cradle, comprising a hollow member with caps thereon, and means for maintaining the cradle within the casing.

3. In aclinometer, a cradle, acasingadapted to receive the cradle,comprising a hollow member, screw-caps thereon and provided with openings in the screw-caps, and pivots on the cradle journaled in said openings.

1I. In aclinometer, acradle, acasing adapted to receive the cradle, means for maintaining the cradle in the casing, means in the kcradle for indicating its direction, and means in the cradle for indicating its declination from a vertical and horizontal plane.

5. In a clinometer, a cradle, a casing adapted to receive the cradle, means for maintaining the cradle in the casing, means within the cradle for indicating and recording its direction and declination from a horizontal and vertical plane.

6. In aclinometer, acradle, acasing adapted to receive the cradle, means for maintaining the cradle in the casing, and means for preventing vibration of the casing.

7. In a clinometer, a cradle, acasing adapted to receive the cradle, means for maintaining the cradle in the casing, and resilient members to prevent vibration of the casing.

8. In aclinometer, acradle, acasing adapted to receive the cradle, means for maintaining the cradle in the casing, and rubber members secured to both ends of the casing.

9. In a clinometer, a tubular member, a cas- 'ing within the tubular member, means for maintaining the casing in the center of said tubular member, a cradle within the casing, and means within the cradle for indicating its direction, and declination from'a vertical and horizontal plane.

10. In a clinometer, atubular member, a cas- IOO IIO

ing Within the tubular member, annular members disposed between the tubular member and the casing,acradle Within the casing,and means within the casing for indicating its direction and declination from a vertical and horizontal plane.

11. In aclinometer, atubular member, a casing Within the tubular member, means for maintaining the casing in the center' of the tubular member, a cradle Within the easing,v

means for preventing vibration of the casing and cradle, and means Within the cradle for indicating its direction and declination from vertical and horizontal planes.

12. In aclinometer, atubular member, acasing Within the tubular member, means for maintaining the casing in the center of the tubular member, a cradle Within the casing, means for preventing vibration of the casing and cradle, and means Within the cradle for indicating its direction and declination from a vertical and horizontal plane, and means for recording said direction and declination.

13.- In a clinometer, a tubular member, a casing Within the tubular member, means for maintaining the casing in the center of the tubular member, a cradle Within the casing, means Within the casing for indicating its direction, comprising a removable, pivoted box provided with an opening therein, a compass disposed in said box, a closure for the opening, and means for indicating the declination of the cradle from vertical and horizontal planes.

14. In aclinometer, a tubular member, acasing within the tubular member, means for maintaining the casing in the center of the tubular member, a cradle Within the casing, means Within the cradle for indicating its direction comprising a removable, pivoted box provided with an opening therein having a means Within the cradle for indicating and recording the direction ot' the cradle, comprising a removable, pivoted box provided With an opening therein, a compass disposed in Said box, a closure for the opening, and a body of material to record the position of the compass at a predetermined time, and means for indicating the declination of the cradle from vertical and horizontal planes.

16. In a clinometer, a tubular member, a casing Within the tubular member, -annular members disposed intermediate of the casing and said member, means Within the cradle for in dicating and recording its direction and declination from horizontal and vertical planes, comprising a compass, disposed in a removable, pivoted box having a transparent cover thereover and an opening in the bottom thereof, with a closure for the opening, a plate provided with a plurality of graduated arcs of circles, a plurality of pendulums pivoted to the plate and registering in said arcs, and a body of gelatinous material disposed in said cradle. A

In Witness Whereoitl I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two Witnesses.

WILLIAM REYNOLDS BAWDEN.

Vitn esses RICHD. SPARROW, FRED WALTHAM. 

